Professor McNeil will speak to the effectiveness of Tier 2 literacy intervention depends on both instructional quality and system-level implementation. This session draws on findings from a large national controlled implementation study involving more than 3,500 students, which demonstrated significant gains in reading and spelling for children receiving Tier 2 structured literacy intervention compared with matched peers. Beyond the research findings, the presentation will examine what effective literacy intervention looks like in practice and, crucially, how schools can support sustainable implementation. Key considerations include instructional design, progress monitoring, teacher knowledge, and alignment within a multi-tiered system of support.